Chapter 1
The Capitalistic Social Order
§ 6 Commodity economy
“Under the capitalist system, all products are produced for the market, they all become commodities.”
I don’t know what would be produced that is not for the market. If you have a monetary system every item produced for other people is going to be sold on the market. Bukharin notes that a farmer who uses his own land to make bread has not made a commodity but merely bread for his personal consumption. Unless everyone is suddenly going to start making everything for themselves there will have to be a market.
“A commodity economy necessarily implies private ownership.”
Bukharin implies that private ownership and commodities are bad because it leads to competition and exploitation . However in an earlier example he notes the farmer making bread for his personal use. That bread could only be made through private ownership even though that bread was not a commodity. So even a farmer making bread for personal consumption requires private ownership.
“Now, wherever private ownership and commodity production exist, there is a struggle for buyers, or competition among sellers.”
It is interesting that Bukharin first uses the word struggle and then redefines it as competition. Struggle seems to be used often in the oppressor versus the oppressed class discussion. So rather than using competition alone he first introduces the concept using the Marxist terminology.
Bukharin is painting the picture that competition hurts people because it leads to exploitation and only the oppressor class will benefit. Rather than seeing competition as something that can bring out the best in a society he only sees the potential for abuse. Competition has another potential that is very advantageous and that is innovation. In a thriving market new technology and goods and services should constantly be introduced to consumers.
Great literature should do more than entertain us. It should provide a roadmap to improving our lives.
In A Tale of Two Cities, Charles Dickens introduced readers to Sydney Carton, one of literature's most compelling and deeply flawed characters. Dickens also gives him an unusual title: the Jackal.
His struggles raise questions that remain relevant today.
Are we defined by our past mistakes? Can we overcome our weaknesses? What separates the people we are from the people we could become?
Lessons From the Jackal is a 25-day character study exploring these questions through Sydney Carton’s life, decisions, relationships, and personal development.
This is not a traditional course on A Tale of Two Cities. Our reading assignments will focus specifically on Carton, with sufficient background provided to understand his story. No previous knowledge of the novel is necessary.
Each day will feature selected readings, historical comparisons, reflection questions, discussions, and practical challenges ...
